Herbal “natural” supplements often marketed for stress relief, weight loss, menopause support, etc.
How they harm
- Kava: has been linked to liver enzyme abnormalities, liver injury; may reduce kidney blood flow and increase harmful metabolites in kidneys.
- Comfrey: contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, strongly hepatotoxic.
- Black Cohosh: associated with liver damage in some cases. Concentrated green tea extract (high catechin doses): linked to acute liver injury.
Key risk factors
- Use of high‐dose extracts rather than customary food/herbal doses.
- Poorly regulated products with contaminants.
- Existing liver or kidney disease.
How to protect yourself
- Use herbal supplements cautiously; check for reliable third-party testing.
- Avoid high doses unless under supervision.
- Monitor liver/kidney function if using such products.
- Be especially cautious if also taking other liver- or kidney-stressors (alcohol, medications, etc).
7. High-dose Protein / “Protein Powders” in Overuse
What it is
Protein powders (whey, casein, plant‐based) used by athletes or fitness enthusiasts.
How it harms
- Kidneys filter nitrogenous waste from protein metabolism. If you consume very large amounts of protein (well beyond needs) AND have dehydration or borderline kidney function, kidneys must work harder.
- Liver processes amino acids; excessive protein may increase liver workload (though the liver is more resilient than kidney in this respect).
Key risk factors
- Chronic very high protein intake (e.g., >2.5 g/kg body-weight daily) especially with insufficient hydration.
- Dehydration, pre-existing kidney impairment.
How to protect yourself
- Calculate protein needs (often ~1.2-2 g/kg for active adults) and avoid far exceeding it.
- Stay well hydrated.
- If you have kidney disease, get guidance from a dietitian/nephrologist.
